Construction of real
speedometer, end for theory of relative speeds or relative movements
As we know, the
light speed or electromagnetic waves in vacuum is always fixed and
independent from the speed of its production or propagation and even
reflection source which is shown by c.
In the past, the
speed was known as a universal and absolute quantity and it was
possible to add or deduce the speeds of a number of dynamics easily.
Then, Michelson, a physician, attempted to measure the speed of
absolute rotation of the earth in comparison with the ether, of
course with high accuracy and by using the light speed. But he found
that the measured light speed was fixed in all directions and the
earth appeared to be fixed and without any movement, while its
movement and rotation was obvious. It is important to say that no
error was observed in the tests.
At 1893, Fits
Gerald, presented a strange theory. According this theory, all
solids in their movement direction, are condensed against the ether
and the condensation factor is equal to:
The same condition
was predicted for the time too and it was proved to be true. That
is, by increase of speed, time slows down too. After wards, for the
first time Puankare stated: does really our ether exist? I do not
believe that we can reveal something more than the relative
movements by our observations.”
When Einstein
presented the relativity theory, the speed was known as a full
relative phenomenon. It means that there is no full fixed coordinate
system in the world which all speeds can be measured with regard to
it as a reference or center. Meanwhile another scientist named
Hubble, found that the world is expanding and all celestial bodies
are moving and gets far away from each other. According to him, the
speeds of celestial bodies are measured in comparison with each
other. His theory and equation was proved and now is a valid theory
for each point or any place in cosmos.
Now, the question
is this: do not there any method to measure the fixed and absolute
speed of observer or his coordinate system in cosmos, even in
comparison with light speed?
Regarding the
existing definitions, it is understood that by increase of speed,
the meter is shortened and the time gets slow too. That is, the
space - time compound can be defined as the following ratio:
In which x is
length, x’ is shortened length, v is speed, c is light fixed speed,
t is time and t’ is slowed time.
The reality is that the light
speed is measured and calculated similarly in all coordinate systems
without acceleration. Since the time changes regarding the change of
speed and in proportion with the meter change, we always achieve the
previous measures. Because the speed is calculated by the ratio of
distance to time and this shows the relation between the space and
time. In fact the light or its speed is a tool for matching the
length unit on time unite. Then every where and every time we can
arrange the length and time measuring tools with high accuracy. Then
regarding the definitions of relativity, the observer in move and
without acceleration can not measure self absolute speed and he can
only measure self speed in comparison with the other observers. Of
course the observer can measure self acceleration by using a load
cell and a sinker with specified mass.
Because as we
know, the quantity of force is calculated by mass× acceleration as
follows:
F=ma
Then if a sinker with the mass of
1 Kg applies a force of 1 Newton on a load cell, the acceleration of
coordinate system or observer will be
1m/s˛.
In this section,
we are going to design a tool for measuring the real and absolute
speed in the space of cosmos.
For construction
of this speedometer we need two very accurate atomic clock. Their
inaccuracy factor is 1 second/20 million years. In other word, their
error is:
According to which
these 2 clocks in a point e.g. (A) are next to each other and are
fully arranged and concurrent. Then they are transferred to the
points B and C with low speed. Now the clocks are completely
concurrent and clock C can produce and send light or radio signals
by using a sender or a laser in specified time intervals (T). These
signals can be received and recognized by the receiver or sensor of
clock B.
Obviously, if the
signals, in defined time intervals (T), are received by clock B, the
speedometer tool will be motionless. But if there is a time
difference in receiving the signals, it is clear that the tool
(speedometer) is moving.
Now, the observer
with tool, is able to measure its absolute and universal speed (that
is, measuring his speed in comparison with the light speed which
already was impossible), by using the following formula and
independent from any other observer.
This issue had
already been experienced unsuccessfully by Michelson. The observer
will also be able to measure the absolute and universal speed of the
other celestial bodies.
D is the distance
between atomic clocks B and C from each other, that is the length of
real speedometer tool or the distance of points B and C, T is the
time which should be spend for the radio signals or laser rays to
reach from C to B and c is the fixed and world speed of light. d is
the distance which is traveled by the tool in t time, and t is the
time which lasts for movement of the tool and compliance of B over
B’ and C over C’ or the time which lasts for clock B to receive the
laser ray or waves sent from atomic clock C in B’ point and v is
tool speed. d’ is the distance between C (the place in where the
signal is produced and propagated by first atomic clock) and B’ (the
place in where the signal is received and recognized by second
atomic clock) or the distance which is surveyed by the signal with
light speed in t time and t is the time interval which is signal
received, that is :
t=tB-tC
tB
is the time shown by clock B when receiving the signal and tC
is the time indicated by the clock C when sending the signal in
which t is smaller than the time interval (T) and if it is bigger ,
the speed will obviously be in opposite of expected direction. It
means that:
If the time
interval (T) is bigger than t, the speed will be in opposite
direction of electromagnetic waves radiation by clock C.
If the time
interval (t) is bigger than T, the speed will be in direction of
electromagnetic waves radiation by clock C.
Now we look at the
second case:
As it shows, the
previous formula is achieved but as the time interval (t) is bigger
than (T), the quantity of v will obviously be negative and this
indicates the change of speed direction along the supposed
coordinate system.
If the tool moves
with a high speed, even with a speed near to the light velocity,
obviously the meter will be shortened and the time will slow down.
Now it is the
question that: will be there any change or error during the speed
measurement? Surely these changes in the space - time should be
applied in the above mentioned formula:
T’ and t’ are the
slowed down times in the moving tool with the speed v. According to
which the previous equation is achieved and the measured absolute
and real speed, with any speed lower than the light speed, will be
true. Then this tool can work with excellent accuracy. In this
section a simple example of this tool is introduced:
First, suppose
that the light speed is 3x108 m/s. Now we suppose 30m as
the tool length (distance between 2 concurrent atomic clocks) and
we'll arrange this length by a laser distance meter with high
accuracy.
Note: The distance
meter can be constructed by compounding the atomic clocks with the
receivers and senders of electromagnetic waves or laser rays.
It means that it lasts 10-7
seconds for a laser ray to reach the clock (B) from the clock C.
then the atomic clock (C), regarding the time and distance already
determined for T and D, is arranged as it can send the laser ray
toward clock B at times These
arrangements are done at point A in the middle of tool and then the
clocks are transferred to their accurate place. If the clock (B)
received these rays at the times with the quantities of n×10-7
seconds, obviously the tool is fixed and motionless. But these rays
are received at the times of (n+0.75)x10-7 seconds by the
clock B. then we have:
Now, knowing these tow times, we can
acquire the speed of tool.
The real speed,
calculated for the tool, will be 1/3 of light speed. Now suppose
that the accuracy of these clocks is 1nano (1/1billion) seconds
which are used in the handy laser meters and speedometers of police.
In this condition, the tool accuracy with the length of 30m is
calculated as follows”
In this condition
the tool accuracy is equal to 1/100 of light speed or 3000km/second.
By using the above
formula, we can calculate the accuracy of the real speedometer tool.
c is the light speed, CA is the accuracy of atomic
clocks, L is the tool length (distance between 2 clocks) and IA
is accuracy of real speedometer. If the accuracy increases to 1 Pico
seconds and the tool length will be 30 m:
Which is
considered as a good accuracy in high speeds at universal scale and
the most important issue in design and construction of this tool is
rejection of relativity theory for speeds. Then we can measure the
absolute and real speed in the space, compared to the world and
fixed speed of light. Following animation can help us understand the program of this tool,
Nowadays, this
speedometer is not so applicable for us and it is a scientific tool,
just used for measuring the absolute speed. In the future, this tool
will be used for measuring the speed of space crafts and by using it
the speed will be measured with high accuracy near the light
velocity. Construction of this tool and its good working will be an
end for the relativity theory of speeds in Einstein and the previous
theories such as Puankare’s theory. The construction of this tool
also will be a confirmation on this issue that the speed of
observers or coordinate systems in the universe are absolute and
universal.
The interesting point is that if
the passengers of a space craft can measure their accurate speed,
measuring the speed of all celestial bodies will be possible too.
Then they will be able to determine their exact position in the
universe anddraw a map for
cosmos. This tool will be one of the primary and vital requirements
of the space crafts in the future to draw the geometrical shape of
universe. By construction and combination of 3 speedometers of this
kind and calculating the resultant of 3 speed vectors on X,Y,Z axis,
we can calculate the accurate speed and movement direction in the
universe. In fact this tool will be one of the most important tools
constructed by the human to know where we are, where we go and by
what speed.
